Linux下使用PARTED对大于2T磁盘分区

Linux下使用PARTED对大于2T磁盘分区在生产环境中，我们会遇到分区大于2T的磁盘（比如：添加一个10TB的存储），由于MBR分区表只支持2T磁盘，所以大于2T的磁盘必须使用GPT分区表，而我们在做raid时会划分多个VD来进行装系统，但系统安装完后无法将磁盘全部识别出来，这时就需要手动对GPT分区进行挂载，那么如何在linux中对大于2T的磁盘进行挂载？注意： GPT格式的磁盘相当于原来MBR磁盘中原来保留4个partition table的4*16个字节,只留第一个16个字节，类似于扩展分区，真正的partition table在512字节之后，GPT磁盘没有四个主分区的限制。而fdisk是不支持GPT分区的，我们可以使用parted来对GPT磁盘操作。parted功能很强大，既可用命令行也可以用于交互式，在提示符下输入parted就会进入交互式模式,如果有多个磁盘的话，我们需要运行select sdX（X为磁盘）来进行磁盘的选择，也可直接用parted /dev/sdX指定相应的硬盘。parted工具使用：[root@RH6~]#parted/dev/sdcGNUParted2.1Using/dev/sdcWelcometoGNUParted!Type'help'toviewalistofcommands.(parted)helpalign-checkTYPENcheckpartitionNforTYPE(min|opt)alignmentcheckNUMBERdoasimplecheckonthefilesystemcp[FROM-DEVICE]FROM-NUMBERTO-NUMBERcopyfilesystemtoanotherpartitionhelp[COMMAND]printgeneralhelp,orhelponCOMMANDmklabel,mktableLABEL-TYPEcreateanewdisklabel(partitiontable)mkfsNUMBERFS-TYPEmakeaFS-TYPEfilesystemonpartitionNUMBERmkpartPART-TYPE[FS-TYPE]STARTENDmakeapartitionmkpartfsPART-TYPEFS-TYPESTARTENDmakeapartitionwithafilesystemmoveNUMBERSTARTENDmovepartitionNUMBERnameNUMBERNAMEnamepartitionNUMBERasNAMEprint[devices|free|list,all|NUMBER]displaythepartitiontable,availabledevices,freespace,allfoundpartitions,oraparticularpartitionquitexitprogramrescueSTARTENDrescuealostpartitionnearSTARTandENDresizeNUMBERSTARTENDresizepartitionNUMBERanditsfilesystemrmNUMBERdeletepartitionNUMBERselectDEVICEchoosethedevicetoeditsetNUMBERFLAGSTATEchangetheFLAGonpartitionNUMBERtoggle[NUMBER[FLAG]]togglethestateofFLAGonpartitionNUMBERunitUNITsetthedefaultunittoUNITversiondisplaytheversionnumberandcopyrightinformationofGNUParted[root@server~]#fdisk-lDisk/dev/sda:21.4GB,21474836480bytes255heads,63sectors/track,2610cylindersUnits=cylindersof16065*512=8225280bytesDeviceBootStartEndBlocksIdSystem/dev/sda1*116128488+83Linux/dev/sda21749265072+82Linuxswap/Solaris/dev/sda350261020571232+83LinuxDisk/dev/sdb:2190.4GB,2190433320960bytes255heads,63sectors/track,266305cylindersUnits=cylindersof16065*512=8225280bytesDisk/dev/sdbdoesn'tcontainavalidpartitiontable[root@server~]#partedGNUParted1.8.1Using/dev/sdaWelcometoGNUParted!Type'help'toviewalistofcommands.(parted)select/dev/sdb//选择磁盘sdbUsing/dev/sdb(parted)mklabelgpt//将MBR磁盘格式化为GPT(parted)mkpartprimary0-1//将整块磁盘分成一个分区(parted)printModel:VMware,VMwareVirtualS(scsi)Disk/dev/sdb:2190GBSectorsize(logical/physical):512B/512BPartitionTable:gptNumberStartEndSizeFilesystemNameFlags117.4kB2190GB2190GBprimary(parted)quitInformation:Don'tforgettoupdate/etc/fstab,ifnecessary.PS：在Linux系统中挂载SCSI盘阵，且分区大小超过2TB时，无法使用mk2fs命令进行格式化，而在使用mkfs.ext3命令格式化时，需要增加-T largefile参数，否则格式化过程将非常缓慢，对于添加一个10TB的存储，如果linux下直接格式化是一个很漫长的过程，10TB，估计少了30小时是完不成的。[root@server ~]# mkfs.ext3 -T largefile /dev/sdb1[root@server ~]# e2label /dev/sdb1 /data1 //对/dev/sdb1添加（修改）标签为/data1[root@server ~]# e2label /dev/sdb1 //查看分区的标签/data1[root@server ~]# mkdir /data1 //在/分区下创建一个配额的挂载点[root@server ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /data1 //对该分区进行手动挂载这样分区完成并挂载成功，用df –h就可以看到该磁盘的大小[root@server ~]# df -hFilesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/sda3 20G 3.9G 15G 22% //dev/sda1 122M 12M 104M 10% /boottmpfs 62M 0 62M 0% /dev/shm/dev/sdb1 2.0T 199M 1.9T 1% /data1最后只需在fstab中添加如下一行，就能完成分区的自动挂载[root@server ~]# vi /etc/fstab/dev/sdb1 /data1 ext3 defaults 0 0案例分析：[root@RH6~]#fdisk-lDisk/dev/sdddoesn'tcontainavalidpartitiontableDisk/dev/dm-0:30.1GB,30098325504bytes255heads,63sectors/track,3659cylindersUnits=cylindersof16065*512=8225280bytesSectorsize(logical/physical):512bytes/512bytesI/Osize(minimum/optimal):512bytes/512bytesDiskidentifier:0x00000000对磁盘分区：[root@RH6~]#parted/dev/sddGNUParted2.1Using/dev/sddWelcometoGNUParted!Type'help'toviewalistofcommands.(parted)helpalign-checkTYPENcheckpartitionNforTYPE(min|opt)alignmentcheckNUMBERdoasimplecheckonthefilesystemcp[FROM-DEVICE]FROM-NUMBERTO-NUMBERcopyfilesystemtoanotherpartitionhelp[COMMAND]printgeneralhelp,orhelponCOMMANDmklabel,mktableLABEL-TYPEcreateanewdisklabel(partitiontable)mkfsNUMBERFS-TYPEmakeaFS-TYPEfilesystemonpartitionNUMBERmkpartPART-TYPE[FS-TYPE]STARTENDmakeapartitionmkpartfsPART-TYPEFS-TYPESTARTENDmakeapartitionwithafilesystemmoveNUMBERSTARTENDmovepartitionNUMBERnameNUMBERNAMEnamepartitionNUMBERasNAMEprint[devices|free|list,all|NUMBER]displaythepartitiontable,availabledevices,freespace,allfoundpartitions,oraparticularpartitionquitexitprogramrescueSTARTENDrescuealostpartitionnearSTARTandENDresizeNUMBERSTARTENDresizepartitionNUMBERanditsfilesystemrmNUMBERdeletepartitionNUMBERselectDEVICEchoosethedevicetoeditsetNUMBERFLAGSTATEchangetheFLAGonpartitionNUMBERtoggle[NUMBER[FLAG]]togglethestateofFLAGonpartitionNUMBERunitUNITsetthedefaultunittoUNITversiondisplaytheversionnumberandcopyrightinformationofGNUParted(parted)selectNewdevice?[/dev/sdd]?Using/dev/sdd(parted)mklabelgpt(parted)printModel:ATAVBOXHARDDISK(scsi)Disk/dev/sdd:21.5GBSectorsize(logical/physical):512B/512BPartitionTable:gptNumberStartEndSizeFilesystemNameFlags(parted)mkpartprimary010240//建立从0M开始的10g的分区Warning:Theresultingpartitionisnotproperlyalignedforbestperformance.Ignore/Cancel?i(parted)printModel:ATAVBOXHARDDISK(scsi)Disk/dev/sdd:21.5GBSectorsize(logical/physical):512B/512BPartitionTable:gptNumberStartEndSizeFilesystemNameFlags117.4kB10.2GB10.2GBprimary(parted)mkpartprimary10240-1//建立从10g开始，剩下所有的空间都建立分区(parted)pModel:ATAVBOXHARDDISK(scsi)Disk/dev/sdd:21.5GBSectorsize(logical/physical):512B/512BPartitionTable:gptNumberStartEndSizeFilesystemNameFlags117.4kB10.2GB10.2GBprimary210.2GB21.5GB11.2GBprimary(parted)quitInformation:Youmayneedtoupdate/etc/fstab.对分区进行格式化：[root@RH6~]#mkfs.ext3-Tlargefile/dev/sdd1mke2fs1.41.12(17-May-2010)Filesystemlabel=OStype:LinuxBlocksize=4096(log=2)Fragmentsize=4096(log=2)Stride=0blocks,Stripewidth=0blocks9856inodes,2499995blocks124999blocks(5.00%)reservedforthesuperuserFirstdatablock=0Maximumfilesystemblocks=256271974477blockgroups32768blockspergroup,32768fragmentspergroup128inodespergroupSuperblockbackupsstoredonblocks:32768,98304,163840,229376,294912,819200,884736,1605632Writinginodetables:doneCreatingjournal(32768blocks):doneWritingsuperblocksandfilesystemaccountinginformation:doneThisfilesystemwillbeautomaticallycheckedevery31mountsor180days,whichevercomesfirst.Usetune2fs-cor-itooverride.[root@RH6~]#mkfs.ext3-Tlargefile/dev/sdd2mke2fs1.41.12(17-May-2010)Filesystemlabel=OStype:LinuxBlocksize=4096(log=2)Fragmentsize=4096(log=2)Stride=0blocks,Stripewidth=0blocks10752inodes,2742528blocks137126blocks(5.00%)reservedforthesuperuserFirstdatablock=0Maximumfilesystemblocks=281018368084blockgroups32768blockspergroup,32768fragmentspergroup128inodespergroupSuperblockbackupsstoredonblocks:32768,98304,163840,229376,294912,819200,884736,1605632,2654208Writinginodetables:doneCreatingjournal(32768blocks):doneWritingsuperblocksandfilesystemaccountinginformation:doneThisfilesystemwillbeautomaticallycheckedevery32mountsor180days,whichevercomesfirst.Usetune2fs-cor-itooverride.mount分区：[root@RH6~]#mkdir/gpt1/gpt2[root@RH6~]#mount/dev/sdd1/gpt1[root@RH6~]#mount/dev/sdd2/gpt2[root@RH6~]#df-hFilesystemSizeUsedAvailUse%Mountedon/dev/mapper/vg_rh6-lv_root28G20G6.5G76%/tmpfs590M88K590M1%/dev/shm/dev/sda1485M28M432M7%/boot/dev/mapper/oravg-lv_data19.9G2.9G6.5G31%/dsk1/dev/mapper/oravg-lv_data29.9G312M9.1G4%/dsk2/dev/mapper/oravg-lv_data39.9G151M9.2G2%/dsk3/dev/mapper/oravg-lv_data411G3.0G6.8G31%/dsk4/dev/mapper/datavg-lv_dat19.9G151M9.2G2%/dsk5/dev/mapper/datavg-lv_dat27.9G146M7.4G2%/dsk6/dev/sdd19.6G150M9.0G2%/gpt1/dev/sdd211G155M9.8G2%/gpt2[root@RH6~]#

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